Tutorial
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Argomento
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Whiffle Ball (Modulo Part)
|
Livello di difficoltà
|
Base
|
Tempo di esecuzione
|
|
Autori
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r-frank
|
Versione di FreeCAD
|
0.16.6703
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Files di esempio
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WhiffleBall_Tutorial_FCWiki.FCStd
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Vedere anche
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Nessuno
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Introduzione
Questo tutorial descrive l'uso dell'ambiente Parte.
Si esercita:
- l'inserimento di primitive
- la modifica dei valori delle primitive
- l'utilizzo del posizionamento
- l'esecuzione di operazioni booleane
This tutorial was originally written by Roland Frank (†2017, r-frank), and it was rewritten and illustrated by vocx.
This tutorial is here to teach you how to use the Part Workbench.
The Part Workbench was the first workbench developed. It provides the basic geometrical elements that can be used as building blocks for other workbenches. The Part Workbench is meant to be used in a traditional constructive solid geometry (CSG) workflow. For a more modern workflow using sketches, pads, and features, use the PartDesign Workbench.
You will practice:
- inserting primitives
- changing parameters of those primitive objects
- modifying their placement
- doing boolean operations
Final model of the wiffle ball
Impostare la forma di base
- Passare nell'ambiente Part
- Creare un nuovo documento cliccando su File → Nuovo
- Inserire un cubo facendo clic su
![](../File/Part_Box.png)
- Assicurarsi che il box ("cubo") sia selezionato nella vista ad albero
- Modificare le dimensioni del box (vedere la scheda dati) in
- Lunghezza=90 mm
- Larghezza=90 mm
- Altezza=90 mm
- Fare clic nel campo del valore della riga del posizionamento della scheda dati in modo che sulla destra appaia ...
- Cliccare su ... per modificare il posizionamento del box
- X=-45 mm
- Y=-45 mm
- Z=-45 mm
- Cliccare su OK per chiudere il dialogo
- Inserire un nuovo box ("cube001") cliccando su
![](../File/Part_Box.png)
- Assicurarsi che il box ("cubo001") sia selezionato nella vista ad albero
- Modificare le dimensioni del box ("cubo001") (vedere la scheda dati) in
- Lunghezza=80 mm
- Larghezza=80 mm
- Altezza=80 mm
- Modificare il posizionamento del box ("cubo001") in
- X=-40 mm
- Y=-40 mm
- Z=-40 mm
- Cliccare su
per inserire un cilindro ("cylinder")
- Assicurarsi che il cilindro ("cilindro") sia selezionato nella vista ad albero
- Impostare il raggio del cilindro a 27,5 mm, cambiare l'altezza in 120 mm
- Impostare il posizionamento del "cilindro" a
- X-Pos: 0 mm
- Y-Pos: 0 mm
- Z-Pos: -60 mm
- Cliccare su
per inserire un nuovo cilindro ("cilindro001")
- Impostare il raggio del "cilindro001" a 27,5 mm, cambiare l'altezza in 120 mm
- Scegliere Modifica -> Duplica selezione dal menu principale per ottenere un altro cilindro ("cilindro002")
- Accertarsi che il "cilindro001" sia selezionato nella vista ad albero
- Impostare il posizionamento del "cilindro001" a
- Y-Pos: 60 mm
- Rotation-Axis: X
- Angle: 90°
- Cliccare su OK per applicare i valori e chiudere il dialogo
- Accertarsi che il "cilindro002" sia selezionato nella vista ad albero
- Impostare il posizionamento del "cilindro002" a
- X-Pos: -60 mm
- Rotation-Axis: Y
- Angle: 90°
- Cliccare su OK per applicare i valori e chiudere il dialogo
- Cliccare su
per passare alla visualizzazione assonometrica
- Cliccare su
per adattare la vista a "visualizza tutto"
- Selezionare "cubo001", "cilindro", "cilindro001" e "cilindro002" e fonderli cliccando su
![](../File/Part_Fuse.png)
- Selezionare "cubo" e "fusione", ma accertarsi che il "cubo" sia selezionato per primo
- Applicare un taglio booleano facendo clic su
![](../File/Part_Cut.png)
- La forma di base finita dovrebbe essere simile a questa:
Suggerimento: Se si seleziona qualcosa di sbagliato o semplicemente si vuole rapidamente deselezionare tutto,
cliccare semplicemente nello spazio vuoto della vista 3D (Con lo stile di Navigazione OpenInventor: CTRL-Click).
Insert primitive cubes
2. Insert a primitive cube by clicking on
Box.
- 2.1. Select
Cube
in the tree view.
- 2.2. Change the dimensions in the Data tab of the property editor.
- 2.3. Change Length to
90 mm
.
- 2.4. Change Width to
90 mm
.
- 2.5. Change Height to
90 mm
.
3. In the Data tab of the property editor, click on the Placement value so the ellipsis button ... appears on the right.
- 3.1. Press on the ellipsis to launch the Placement dialog.
- 3.2. Change the Translation values.
- 3.3. Change X to
-45 mm
.
- 3.4. Change Y to
-45 mm
.
- 3.5. Change Z to
-45 mm
.
- 3.6. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
4. Repeat the process, inserting a second, smaller cube by clicking on
Box.
- 4.1. The second cube will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object.
- 4.2. Select
Cube001
in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object.
- 4.3. Change Length to
80 mm
.
- 4.4. Change Width to
80 mm
.
- 4.5. Change Height to
80 mm
.
- 4.6. Open the Placement dialog.
- 4.7. Change X to
-40 mm
.
- 4.8. Change Y to
-40 mm
.
- 4.9. Change Z to
-40 mm
.
- 4.10. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
Change visual properties
5. The previous operations create a smaller cube inside a bigger cube. To visualize this, we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 5.1. Select
Cube001
, the smaller cube, in the tree view, and change the color. In the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of Line Width to 2.0
.
- 5.2. Select
Cube
, the larger cube, in the tree view. In the View tab, change the value of Transparency to 70
.
Solid cube inside another solid cube
Insert primitive cylinders
6. Insert a primitive cylinder by clicking on
Cylinder.
- 6.1. Select
Cylinder
in the tree view.
- 6.2. Change the dimensions in the Data tab of the property editor.
- 6.3. Change Radius to
27.5 mm
.
- 6.4. Change Height to
120 mm
.
- 6.5. Open the Placement dialog.
- 6.6. Change Z to
-60 mm
.
- 6.7. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
7. Repeat the process, inserting a second cylinder by clicking on
Cylinder.
- 7.1. The second cylinder will be created with the same name, but with an additional number to distinguish the object.
- 7.2. Select
Cylinder001
in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement like with the previous object.
- 7.3. Change Radius to
27.5 mm
.
- 7.4. Change Height to
120 mm
.
- 7.5. Open the Placement dialog.
- 7.6. Change Y to
60 mm
.
- 7.7. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis to X
(by setting the X
, Y
and Z
values of the axis inputboxes to 1
, 0
and 0
respectively), and Angle to 90 deg
.
- 7.8. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
8. Insert another cylinder. This time create a duplicate so that the radius and height don't have to be changed, only its placement.
- 8.1. Select
Cylinder001
in the tree view, and go to the menu Edit → Duplicate selection. This will create Cylinder002
.
- 8.2. Open the Placement dialog.
- 8.3. Change X to
-60 mm
, and change Y back to 0 mm
.
- 8.4. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis to Y
, and Angle to 90 deg
.
- 8.5. Press the OK button to close the dialog.
Change visual properties
9. The previous operations create three cylinders that intersect with each other, and also intersect the cubes. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 9.1. Select
Cube001
, the smaller cube, in the tree view, and change the transparency. In the View tab, change the value of Transparency to 70
.
- 9.2. Select
Cylinder
, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a red color.
- 9.3. Select
Cylinder001
, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a blue color.
- 9.4. Select
Cylinder002
, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a pink color.
- 9.5. Select the three cylinders, in the View tab also change the value of Line Width to
2.0
.
Solid cylinders that intersect themselves and the solid cubes.
Fuse and cut
10. In the tree view, select Cube001
(the inner, smaller cube), and the tree cylinders, then press
Fuse. This will create a Fusion
object.
11. Then perform a boolean cut of the Cube
(larger cube) and the new Fusion
object.
- 11.1. In the tree view select
Cube
first, and then Fusion
.
- 11.2. Then press
Cut. This will create a Cut
object.
- Note: the order in which you select the objects is important for the cut operation. The base object is selected first, and the subtracting object comes at the end.
- 11.3. If the colors look strange, select the new
Cut
object, go to the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a gray color; also change the value of Line Width to 2.0
.
La forma base finita dovrebbe assomigliare a questa:
Insert primitive cubes to cut the corners of the partial solid
Now we'll create more cubes that will be used as cutting tools to trim the corners of the previously obtained Cut
object.
12. Click on
Box.
- 12.1. Select
Cube002
in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement.
- 12.2. Change Length to
140 mm
.
- 12.3. Change Width to
112 mm
.
- 12.4. Change Height to
112 mm
.
- 12.5. Open the Placement dialog.
- 12.6. Change X to
-70 mm
.
- 12.7. Change Y to
-56 mm
.
- 12.8. Change Z to
-56 mm
.
- 12.9. Press OK.
13. Click on
Box.
- 13.1. Select
Cube003
in the tree view, and change the dimensions and placement.
- 13.2. Change Length to
180 mm
.
- 13.3. Change Width to
180 mm
.
- 13.4. Change Height to
180 mm
.
- 13.5. Open the Placement dialog.
- 13.6. Change X to
-90 mm
.
- 13.7. Change Y to
-90 mm
.
- 13.8. Change Z to
-90 mm
.
- 13.9. Press OK.
We'll duplicate the previous two objects again to use once more as cutting objects.
14. Select only Cube002
in the tree view, and go to Edit → Duplicate selection. This will create Cube004
.
15. Select only Cube003
in the tree view, and go to Edit → Duplicate selection. This will create Cube005
.
16. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 16.1. Select the
Cut
object, in the View tab, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a blue color.
- 16.2. Select all new cubes,
Cube002
, Cube003
, Cube004
, and Cube005
, in the View tab, change the value of Transparency to 80
.
Additional external cubes that will be used as cutting objects for the internal solid.
Tagliare gli angoli, prima parte
- Inserire un box ("cubo002") cliccando su
![](../File/Part_Box.png)
- Modificare le dimensioni del box ("cubo002")(vedere la scheda dati) in
- Lunghezza=140 mm
- Larghezza=112 mm
- Altezza=112 mm
- Modificare il posizionamento del box ("cubo002") in
- X=-70 mm
- Y=-56 mm
- Z=-56 mm
- Inserire un box ("cubo003") cliccando su
![](../File/Part_Box.png)
- Modificare le dimensioni del box ("cubo003")(vedere la scheda dati) in
- Lunghezza=180 mm
- Larghezza=180 mm
- Altezza=180 mm
- Modificare il posizionamento del box ("cubo003") in
- X=-90 mm
- Y=-90 mm
- Z=-90 mm
- Assicurarsi che il "cubo002" sia selezionato nella vista ad albero, altrimenti selezionarlo
- Scegliere Modifica -> Duplica selezione dal menu principale per ottenere un altro box ("cubo004")
- Assicurarsi che il "cubo003" sia selezionato nella vista ad albero, altrimenti selezionarlo
- Scegliere Modifica -> Duplica selezione dal menu principale per ottenere un altro box ("cubo005")
- Selezionare "cubo003" e "cubo002", ma accertarsi che il "cubo003" sia selezionato per primo
- Attivare il menu per cambiare il posizionamento
- Attivare l'opzione "Applica le modifiche incrementali al posizionamento dell'oggetto", notare che tutti i valori sono resettati ...
- Scegliere "Rotazione: Asse X" e "Angolo: 45°" poi cliccare su Applica
- Scegliere "Rotazione: Asse Z" e "Angolo: 45°" poi cliccare su Applica
- Cliccare su OK per chiudere il dialogo
- Applicare un taglio booleano facendo clic su
, l'oggetto risultante si chiamerà "cut001"
17. In the tree view select Cube002
and Cube003
.
- 17.1. Open the Placement dialog.
- 17.2. Tick the option Apply incremental changes; notice that all Translation values are reset to zeroes.
- 17.3. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis to X
, and Angle to 45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the X-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero.
- 17.4. Change the Rotation again, now Axis to
Z
, and Angle to 45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the local Z-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero.
- 17.5. Click on OK to close the dialog.
18. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cube003
first, the bigger cube, and then Cube002
, the smaller cube.
- 18.1. Then press
Cut. This will create Cut001
. This is a hollowed body which intersects the initial Cut
only at certain corners.
19. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 19.1. Select
Cube004
and Cube005
, in the View tab, then change the value of Visibility to false
, or press Space in the keyboard.
- 19.2. Select
Cut001
, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a red color; also change the value of Transparency to 90
.
A rotated, hollowed solid, which will be used as a cutting object for some corners of the internal solid.
20. In the tree view select Cut001
, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to false
, or press Space in the keyboard.
21. In the tree view select Cube004
and Cube005
, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to true
, or press Space in the keyboard.
- 21.1. Open the Placement dialog.
- 21.2. Tick the option Apply incremental changes; notice that all Translation values are reset to zeroes.
- 21.3. Change the Rotation to
Rotation axis with angle
; Axis to X
, and Angle to 45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the X-axis, and will reset the Angle
field to zero.
- 21.4. Change the Rotation again, now Axis to
Z
, and Angle to -45 deg
, then click on Apply. This will apply a rotation around the local Z-axis, and will reset the Angle field to zero.
- 21.5. Click on OK to close the dialog.
22. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cube005
first, the bigger cube, and then Cube004
, the smaller cube.
- 22.1. Then press
Cut. This will create Cut002
. This is a hollowed body which intersects the initial Cut
only at certain corners.
23. To visualize this better we can modify the View properties in the property editor.
- 23.1. Select
Cut002
, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a pink color; also change the value of Transparency to 90
.
Se tutto è andato bene, il modello dovrebbe assomigliare a questo:
Finire il modello
- Selezionare "Cut" e "Cut001", ma accertarsi che il "Cut" sia selezionato per primo
- Applicare un taglio booleano facendo clic su
, l'oggetto risultante si chiamerà "Cut003"
- Selezionare "Cut003" e "Cut002", ma accertarsi che il "Cut003" sia selezionato per primo
- Applicare un taglio booleano facendo clic su
, l'oggetto risultante si chiamerà "Cut004"
- Cliccare su
per passare alla visualizzazione assonometrica
- Cliccare su
per adattare la vista a "visualizza tutto"
- Non dimenticate di salvare il file ...
24. Make sure all objects are visible. In the tree view select all objects, in the View tab, change the value of Visibility to true
, or press Space in the keyboard.
The internal hollowed solid, together with the external objects which will be used to cut it.
25. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cut
first, and then Cut001
.
- 25.1. Then press
Cut. This will create Cut003
.
The internal hollowed solid, cut by Cut001
.
26. In the tree view de-select the objects; then select Cut003
first, and then Cut002
.
- 26.1. Then press
Cut. This will create Cut004
. This is the final object.
- 26.2. Select
Cut004
, click on the Shape Color value to open the Select color dialog, then choose a green color; also change the value of Line Width to 2.0
.
The internal hollowed solid, cut by Cut001
and Cut002
. Final model.
27. Real objects don't have perfectly sharp edges or corners, so applying a fillet to the edges can be done to refine the model.
- 27.1. In the tree view, select
Cut004
then press
Fillet.
- 27.2. In the Fillet edges task panel go to Selection, choose Select edges, and then press All. As Fillet type choose
Constant radius
, then set Radius to 1 mm
.
- 24.3. Press OK. This will create a
Fillet
object.
- 27.4. In the View tab, change the value of Line Width to
2.0
.
Final whiffle ball model with fillets applied to the edges.
Part
- Creation and modification: Create sketch, Extrude, Revolve, Mirror, Scale, Fillet, Chamfer, Make face from wires, Ruled Surface, Loft, Sweep, Section, Cross sections, 3D Offset, 2D Offset, Thickness, Projection on surface, Color per face
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